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This will eventually lead to an engine that can combine the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines. The "first generation" catalytic converters are built, significantly reducing vehicle emissions. 1983. . Heat is provided by injecting extra fuel. That would also explain the eyewatering stink of its half-catalysed exhaust, which smells worse than uncatalysed or fully catalysed because its a ftid mix of both. But we all have to breathe so replacing the horrible GM converter with a new universal monolithic converter was the better choice. it had a wider free flow exhaust pipes and cat than the base V8 and I was satisfied with the performance. The trick for a good-working, durable setup is to get a California-spec converter suitable for an engine larger than yours. From underneath came a prominent orange glow that grew brighter as the car struggled up the hill: a severely overheating catalytic converter. The catalytic converter is a component of the exhaust system that helps to reduce pollution. Thanks, VinceI had you in mind while I was writing this, as I recall our exchange of comments on the subject in the HEI article. What did the airport gate agent say to the overpacked vulture? It didnt work. The first is known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR),in which a reductant, usually a urea solution, is sprayed into the exhaust to provide the conditions necessary for NOx reduction. From very early on there were musings about exhaust catalysis. I know what they sound like, and thats not it!). How it actually happened is a whole lot more complicated. Hey, are you suggesting that Mr. You can say that again. :woohoo: V-Twin Harley Davidson forum. When I was in R&D for a portable generator line, I hand built the first cat-in-muffler prototype for the upcoming 2400W EFI we were devloping. Many of todays conservatives have a very poor understanding of what conservative truly means so no surprise you got that response. Im not making any value judgments; Im just saying, This is what the book says.. Typically constructed from cordierite, silicon carbide (SiC), or aluminium titanate (Al2TiO5), these devices capture the PM in their porous wall structure as the gas is forced through the wall from the inlet channel to outlet channel (fig3). Chrysler Canada were crowing about their catless K-cars ability to take cheaper regular gas even as late as 82 (never mind that running leaded gas was more expensive in the long runshorter spark plug, exhaust system, oil, and engine life). ( Its possible I missed it.) (click the pic for the whole article in a new browser tab): For 1961 the road draft tube, which dumped hydrocarbon fumes and vapours from the engine crankcase into the atmosphere, was replaced in California by positive crankcase ventilation systems that routed crankcase fumes into the intake tract to be burned. I asked. Machine is now in production, and they adopted my muffler design across the rest of the line (patting myself on the back). The rising popularity of diesel vehicles has also brought with it new legislation. . The TWC comprises platinum or palladium to catalyse oxidation reactions, and rhodium for reduction of the NOx, and was made possible due to a number of major technology advances that the automotive industry was able to take advantage of: These advances meant it was now possible to run a gasoline engine with the exact stoichiometric mixture of air to fuel for the combustion reaction. Sheesh.) The future will bring a much wider range of fuel types, such as synthetic fuels and biofuels derived from crops or alternative fossil fuels, ie coal or natural gas, as well as hydrogen, natural gas as a fuel, and blended fuels. Even before that, in 1306, Edward I brought in an air pollution law, banning the burning of certain types of coal in order to improve the air quality, leading to one poor soul who broke the rule being summarily put to death. Manufacturers could meet tailpipe regulations with alternative choices such as electric vehicles or hydrogen powered IC engines, and Honda famously avoided cats for a time using CVCC technology. By all appearances of this clip youre showing us, its baseless babble written by a crackpot who didnt know a damn thing about what he was talking about. Catalytic converter - Wikipedia Later, catalysts were coated onto ceramic honeycomb monolith structures(fig 1). MOST folks didnt give a rats ass about the emission controls; so it was a tough job getting permission to do the work. From 1980 the pressure was on to reduce emissions from combustion engines. I think 2010 on the touring bikes in the header, before that they were in the front of the muffler, 03 Ultra Classic Electra Glide, stock, and keeping it that way.I hope. Ask an Expert Car Questions Motorcycle Questions When did Harley first start putting catalytic converters on Steve Steve, Motorcycle Mechanic 8,228 Satisfied Customers 30+ yrs. The service guys were really pissed and had to sweep out the whole shop floor again just as they were getting ready to leave! Very interesting and well written article Daniel. Heres what you see if you peer into one end of a monolithic convertera gazillion tiny straight-through tunnels. They didnt bring Canadian emissions in line with US standards until 1988, and they stayed at around the 1975ish levels until then. Removing the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from a diesel exhaust presents a number of challenges, chiefly converting these pollutants often at the low temperature encountered in a diesel exhaust. For those of us in areas where there were no emissions checks it was a win-win for a few years substantially less exhaust restriction and the ability to use cheaper regular gas. My 06 street glide had 1 in the right muffler. I put a test pipe on my 77 New Yorker and had forgotten all about it when I traded it on a new car in 1985. These are known as four-way catalysts. The muffler got replaced, but the cars original converter stayedand wheezedon. Despite successful demonstrations of practical catalytic converters by outside suppliers, the idea was widely unpopular with automakers, so things moved slowly until 1970, when the U.S. Congress put the Clean Air Act on the books. 2009 in California, then all 2010 as far as I remember. But as it was, cheap and nasty compliance was one of their primary tools in the war against regulation: Oh, gosh, Mr. and Mrs. Carbuyer, you say your new car has ugly bumpers and runs poorly and gets lousy gas mileage and wont stay fixed and buzzes angrily at you until you put on the uncomfortable seat belts? They invested enormous money and effort into fighting and delaying almost each and every provision of each and every regulation. The system you have in mind is called Secondary Air Injection, and its application is more complicated than you recall. I'm in Utah, so if you know and you are in Utah please chime in. Oxygen is something less than a genuine scientist? American Brands: AMC, Jeep and All Others, Tractors, Lawn Mowers, Off-Road Equipment. GM also had different fill plugs in the pellet converter housing to replace the pellets. Oh, didnt read that clip closely, because ozone generators were part of the early Clean Air Act engineering toolkit for scrubbing fixed installation flue gas. Fig 3 Operation of a diesel particulate filter. I recall seeing them even on late 80s cars. Great article Daniel, I spent 5 years instructing technicians on emissions repair, and its hard to tell this story in a compelling way. GMs big market share probably amounted to a critical mass of the vehicle fleet; If an AMC or a Chrysler, a VW or a Toyota had decided in favour of catalytic converters but GM had gone with some other method, it wouldve been much harder (or likely impossible) to enact the mandate for universal nationwide availability of unleaded gasoline by July of 1974 in time for the first 75 cars to hit the roads. Gee, tsk what an awful pity. Required fields are marked *. In fact, 87% of all motorcycles sold in CA., during 2008 were equipped with catalytic converters. My non California 06 Road King Police had a converter in the right muffler. Platinum was more stable in the exhaust gases and less prone to poisoning by sulfur compounds originating from sulfur in the fuel. Eryoure kidding, Poindexter, yes? He wasnt, but he did decide to go forward with catalytic converters on GM vehicles, and he overcame inertia and resistance to make that happen. If taxes had been more thoughtfully reworked to eliminate or reverse the price difference between leaded and unleaded gasoline, things wouldve been cleaner quicker and theredve been considerably less misfuelling (or as the EPA labelled it in an almost comically unhip way, fuel switching). Sent from my SM-G955U using Tapatalk This comprises a diesel oxidation catalyst to remove carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and also to oxidise some of the NO to NO2. It will also be necessary to design catalysts that can operate at lower temperature, a perennial challenge, so that pollutants can be removed even when the exhaust gases are cold, such as just after the engine has been started. Be sure to replace your converter when the test is complete. Guess youd best run get busy writing to Congress!. VW actually released a service bulletin for rejetting 74-75 cars and gutting the converter and the 77-79 cars with fuel injection never had cats and ran fine on leaded regular. It is likely to dominate for small diesel vehicles, such as passenger cars, at least in the near term, as it is a more cost effective solution for these vehicles than SCR. Thats why automakers installed them only in conjunction with high-power ignition systemsGMs was especially goodand other catalyst-protection measures. Oh yes: flow restriction and turbulence.). Am I crazy? On the other side of the coin, I left my 84 Z28 H.O. The free oxygen would react with pollutants, neutralizing them: Ozone generators used to scrub NOx for fixed power installations parasitically reduce efficiencies by between 3-10 percent, and that is with highly efficient turbogenerators, as opposed to a pulley-driven alternator. Easy solution is to wrap the headpipe (from manifold to cat inlet) with this stuff, which keeps the heat inside the pipe. These noxious pollutants include carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon and particulate matter (PM) from incomplete fuel combustion. When did Harley first start putting catalytic converters on - JustAnswer Not our fault; the government made us do it. Cats have 3 main functions. This removes the sulfur once a certain level has been accumulated, thus regenerating the catalyst. There was one post 1975 GM engine that was sold in the US without a catcon, the 1976 one barrel vega 140, it still had a restrictor for unleaded. The beads were packed in pretty tightly, but there had to be a little wiggle room or else thered be no flow possible. GM sold Ethyl in 1962, and so had likely been reluctant to do something that would degrade the value of the company theyd soldsuch as develop and commercialise cars that couldnt take leaded gasolinebut the Clean Air Act came along and put push to shove about it. A system can be now be designed which saves valuable space on the vehicle, and potentially also cost. I have some difficulty with this idea that the bead-type converters had more surface area than the monolithic converters. This is typically composed of hydrocarbons and sulfur oxides adsorbed onto solid carbonaceous matter. The Origins of the Catalytic Converter. I posted elsewhere recently mentioning the EPA was formed under Nixons administration, and the response I got was Nixon was hardly a conservative.. Thanks very much for this article. On learning this really happened, I was reminded of a 75 LTD that lived in our high school auto shops fenced yard. Diesel engines started using catalytic converters around the 1990s. By installing an oxidation catalyst before the SCR, it is possible to convert some NO to NO2. I race radio control boats, and I cant believe the idiots who insist they have to use leaded Avgas in these stupid 8:1 compression chainsaw engines because they run so much better on it., Great article! For controlling PM one of the most successful devices has been a filter system known as the continuously regenerating trap (CRT), which has now been fitted to 100 000s of vehicles. To address these challenges chemists and engineers are required more than ever before to advance the emissions control technologies already available, and to invent new ways of defeating the problem of motor vehicle pollution. Your email address will not be published. Thats a basic principle, and one thats been centrally in mind since the beginning of the emission control era. Behaviour management in the chemistry classroom, 14 ways to teach sustainability in chemistry, The science behind sustainable home insulation, Nickel-loving plants help to recycle poly(ethene). Slowly the uptake of the catalytic converter has spread around the world. The catalytic converter was first introduced in the United States in the 1970s. Our 1976 Chevrolet 350 for example only required a EGR valve, heat riser valve and the cat as its emissions controls. That brings us to the start of the catalytic converter development timeline thoroughly and engagingly described in Doing The Impossible, a 2004 deep-dive article in the once defunct, now resurrected, highly worthy magazine Invention & Technology. The urea vapourises and decomposes to ammonia, which then reacts with the NOx over the SCR catalyst, typically supported vanadium oxide (V2O5), or iron or copper supported on zeolite, which is coated onto a monolith (as for the TWC). The German, Rudolf Diesel, invented the diesel engine in the late 19th century but during his lifetime his invention generated little interest. Do Motorcycles Need Emissions - Royal Enfield The catalytic converter was invented by Eugene Houdry in the early 1950s. According to Moissan and Moureu "this reaction is due to a physical effect . When did motorcycles start getting catalytic converters The pungent odour of ammonia in the air is definitely not welcome. also, ozone generators high voltages automotive electrical systems bleah. Dads 77 Cutlass Supreme had the same ailment up there at 5,500 feet near Denver. Their role was to oxidise unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide using additional air injected into the exhaust gas. by Arna Bee October 22, 2021 Harley-Davidson began using catalytic converters on its motorcycles in the early 1990s as required by increasingly stringent emissions regulations. Ive used this kind on three vehicles and been enduringly happy with the results. Motorcycles are small and cannot carry as many passengers or cargo; thus meaning, carpooling or hauling cargo with a car could be more fuel efficient than driving a motorcycle as it reduces the number of trips that need to be traveled. New: A Catalytic Converter That Really Cleans Up Auto Exhaust (Popular Science, December 1970), Detroit Promises Clean-Air 75sBut Ups the Sticker Another $300 (Popular Mechanics, September 1973AMC, Chrysler, Ford, and GM emissions bigwigs scorn the law, ruefully resign themselves to using catalytic converters, and predict big troubles and costs), Mining Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium From Street Dust (Pity this wasnt around in the 70s and 80s when GMs bead converters were chuffing out catalyst dust! Regardless of how restrictive these converters were, they did for the most part improve the driveability of cars, compared to the ultra leaned out carbs form 1974 and the many rudimentary emission controls of this time. They did improve the performance a bit, but those smog era engines didnt really perform well no matter what. the mid 1970s When did Harley Davidson What year did Harley put in catalytic converter - V-Twin Forum Contents [ hide] Early on with the CATS some had them in muffler. Since catalysts are regenerated, catalytic cycles are usually written as a sequence of chemical reactions in the form of a loop. The catalytic converter is there to oxidize those things to CO2, etc gasses that arent toxic. I only drink this ever. The first devices were relatively simple oxidation catalysts, composed of platinum supported on fine particles of alumina, packaged into a metal canister welded into the exhaust. The first such devices were fitted to fork lift trucks in the 1960s,2 but are now to be found on most diesel powered road vehicles. This resulted in a significant horsepower drop between 1974 to 1975. Both types of substrate present enormous available surface area; Tenneco (Walker) cite about 20,000 square metres (215,000 square feet), or about two football fields worth, for a monolithic converter, while GM cited similar figures for the volume of pellets in one of their converters. And from then on I joined the rest of the world in moving on from 1965 in terms of emissions and fuel requirements on my cars. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. I am guessing it passed the "test" using only the right side, since more flow goes thru the right than the left. There are a few reasons for this, including: Motorcycles have smaller and less effective catalytic converters. I did not know Invention and Technology restarted. When did they start putting catalytic converters on motorcycles? I hope someday to find an access point for that particular rabbit hole. What was put in place was a performance standard, not an equipment standard. They brought the car in, took off the air cleaner and started the car up. Witless or other back-of-the-magazine vendors were ancient history by the time I bought a much-used 10-year-old ex-police 91 Chev Crapiece. 1. Hmmythink? I ran regular leaded and took advantage of the higher ( 89) octane by advancing the timing by about 10 degrees and other modifications that resulted in much better performance and fuel mileage. There were both pressed-in and threaded plugs. , Isnt water (H2O) with and extra Oxygen atom Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)? Heres such a one, photographed recently on a decrepit RV factory-lettered 454 SG on the side and obviously on a Chev/GMC chassis. Gradually the beads would attrit, accrete, and plug up the bead bed outlet plate, causing severe exhaust restriction. Some of those freed beads were caught by the muffler downstream of the converter, but sometimes a red-hot bead managed to make it through the muffler and was ejected at high speed out the tailpipe. . And they resented being told how to make cars. 5 speed stock . catalytic converter | Jeep Enthusiast Forums Everything has a cat now. Both mufflers that came with the kit had catalytic converters inside them. If you go with an aftermarket exhaust that removes the stock CAT.. will it still pass emissions? But carburetors, particularly non-feedback ones, and catalytic converters were a bad marriage from the start; there were going to be rich conditions sooner and later, and the catalyst would sufferespecially at high altitude. Intriguing stuff. . The exhaust shop just welded a cap over the hole and no one was the wiser. More recently the increase in popularity of diesel vehicles, and introduction of legislation to cover a wider range of vehicle types, has led to new problems and further challenges are expected as we look to the future. GM made a lot of noise, backed up by independent testing, that their 75s got better mileage than comparable 74s because the engines could be tuned to run better and the resultant dirtier exhaust was cleaned up by the cat. A great effort indeed, and especial kudos for the link to that article. It mandated that emissions of three major pollutants in exhaustcarbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogenbe cut down by 90% by the 1975 model year (versus 1970-model cars, which the industry had straightfacedly argued were clean enough that no further regulation was necessary). IIRC that went away with three-way catalysts since the added free oxygen would prevent the reduction catalyst from cleaning up NOx. Neither were ugly bumpers or uncomfortable seatbelts. if your engine is properly tuned. The first year for Catalytic converters was 1975They were first required on all cars in 1975. As the combustion occurs in an excess of air (lean), all the emissions control processes must also operate under oxidising conditions. Also, excessive fuel melts catalysts, but the reaction also requires oxygen which typically isnt present in the exhaust. As i recall there was an official parts kit for the carburetor to retune it. It looks to me like a horizontal discharge got one while a tailpipe with a turn-down at the end did not. The obvious exception would be the miniature cheap aftermarket universal converters, which will get past a visual inspection and are marginally adequate for passing a couple years emissions tests as long as nothing else is wrong. Suddenly there was very urgent interest in catalytic exhaust treatment. Automotive History: The Dawn of the Catalytic Converter - Who Put the I have a factory service manual for my 1978 Camaro Z28 that shows all the tools needed and the process to replace the catalyst. Developing the latest generations of vehicle emission control catalysts at Johnson Matthey's European Technology Centre in Royston. I remember working under cars on a hoist. Engines will get smaller, operating in new vehicle designs that include a fuel cell or batteries for a second source of motive power. case in point- nearly everything Chrysler made in 1974 looked better than the competition, because for the most part when they fully implemented the 5 mph standards they spent the effort and re-styled the front and rear ends as well. Is there more to the reason? These reactions occur at temperatures above around 200C. Wellits complicated. However, after much development over the ensuing decades, to overcome the diesel engine's noisy and smoky reputation, today his engine is found in half of the passenger vehicles sold in Europe. Europe, the UK and the US have strict emission laws and should your motorcycle fail the emission test. Its too bad GM did the bead style converter, but as you pointed out FoMoCos alternative execution wasnt much better in the real world. A couple of years ago I purchased a 103" Stroker kit that fit 2003-3004 touring machines. Thanks, Wallace in Ga The big bead style converters were used on the GM B-body sedans long past the early 80s too. These are themselves inert in the catalytic process and are a huge technological advance from Frenkel's 1909 proposal of mountain flax or cardboard! The catalytic converter is a ceramic chamber coated with a . Cat Delete will it pass emissions? - RZR Forums.net Some 76's had a "non-catalyst" sticker on the dash panel. Quick Answer: When Did Harley Davidson Start Putting - BikeHike (Click Photo 10 here, of meltdown in a 75 Dodge converter, to get the analysis in the background as a pdf): Now, Ive been plenty critical of GM here, but theyre hardly the only automaker to have faffed around with half-melted half-baked catalytic converter systems. The most interesting bit was several automakers managed to do without catalytic converters until 1980. What year did Harley put in catalytic converter - V-Twin Forum I lived in Michigan at the time, where there will likely never be any vehicle inspections (regarded as a sort of war-on-cars affront to the local industry), so I paged through the Walker exhaust parts cattledog, jotted down the critical dimensions of the direct-fit replacement converter, went to a local exhaust shop and told them I needed a short piece of pipe for a generator shed installation: so-and-so long, ball expansion and 2-bolt flange at one end, etc. At one point it started to run very sluggish and almost no power. This was named the three-way catalyst (TWC), and is to this day the mainstay of gasoline vehicle emissions control. I dont know whether or what logic was applied in GMs gradual migration to monolithic converters. Well, mine used to have one there but it's been gutted. He really was that stupid. The first year for Catalytic converters was 1975They were first required on all cars in 1975. And I agree with you completely; the structural political difference in the US between then and now is just astounding. Lol!!! This was also the era where some manufacturers were still clinging to carburetors and comparing the vacuum lines in my 84 Jetta to my moms 84 Accord was instructive. I still had to run it on unleaded gas though. How Harmful Are Motorcycles To The Environment? Testing the emissions performance of a heavy duty diesel truck at Milbrook Proving Ground. Ford used monolithic converters, thus avoiding the bead badness, but in many cases the inlet was at 90 to the flow axis; the exhaust hit a wall on entering the converter and had to turn a sharp, restricted corner to get into the main body. Im surprised the car didnt blow up right then and there. And force is quite an apt word. By cleaning up the emissions of hydrocarbons, one of the ingredients for photochemical smog was immediately removed from the air. I also recall a family members 78 Olds Delta 88 blowing out the plug on the bottom of the cat one morning. When did they start putting catalytic converters on cars? What professional development do science teachers want? The world has indeed changed. Your email address will not be published. This is the focus of the latest, state of the art, research, with SCR or LNT catalysts being coated onto the filter, allowing NOx and PM pollutants to be removed on one catalyst device. I dont know whether or what logic was applied in GMs gradual migration to monolithic converters. For NOx control two solutions have been proposed. This is oxidised on the catalyst generating an exotherm which in turn heats the filter. ), Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States (a graphic look at how the sausage was made. 1985 CJ7 Project. The catalysts made unleaded mandatory, and thus begun the test pipe phenomenon. Duh! '77 CJ-5 Renegade 304 / T-150, Dana 20, 30/20 axles, Aussie Locker in the Dana 30, American Racing 15x10 Outlaw II's, 33" Dynapro M/T's . I have other stories of catalytic converter mayhem, but theyre probably best saved for the apposite COAL entries. And the louvered plates containing the beads eventually tended to soften and distort, letting beads out of the bed (so much for GMs claims that this design was superior because it allowed for replacement of just the catalyst rather than the whole assembly). Catalytic converters - iRV2 Forums . Also just rear your manual. . Kind of amazing it happened at all, actually; it almost didnt, several times over. There was also an articlelemme see if I can find ityep, here it is, where they used a dynamometer to demonstrate the utter lack of any significant difference in engine output with vs. without a reasonably modern catalytic converter in good condition. Back then, regular was 5-10 cents cheaper, which meant $2 more per tank for unleaded when minimum wage was $3 an hour. Its been a long time, but I am pretty sure the old 87 Custom Cruiser (307-4bbl) I had used a bead style converter, but my 1990 Caprice (305 TBI) sedan had the monolithic. Wheres this from, please? The MOT emissions levels are easy to pass- especially at 1992/3 levels. Heres an excellent article about his work (and exhaust catalysis in general) in Popular Science, June of 1955. Clean Machine | Science History Institute However, it is the NOx and PM that pose the greatest concerns, both from the point of view of ease of removal and their deleterious impact on human health. Take away the hucksters ignorant handwaving about ozone generators and all that piffle, and youre left with a sound idea: make sure theres sufficient oxygen for combustion as complete as possible. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Sep 11, 2011. In fact in Elizabethan times Shakespeare's witches, as well as encouraging Macbeth's killing spree, also commented on the air quality: fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. Some of them moved things in a good direction, and while their R&D paid long-term dividends in knowledge of combustion dynamics and suchlike, at the time many of them degraded drivability, performance, and fuel economy, and none of them made car exhaust enough cleaner over enough miles to meet the increasingly obvious need. Am I crazy? experience, MMI, HD technician, HD early, engine rebuild/performance,. Next, air was added upstream of the oxidation catalyst - a fairly cumbersome approach! One of the main problems with SCR is the challenge of injecting the correct amount of urea for the reaction, so that no ammonia exits at the tailpipe.

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