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By now the full paper has been published, it is open access, although the technicality of its content makes it a bit less accessible. Mushrooms are a very large and diversified group of macrofungi belonging to Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes; with a cell cycle including the formation of sexual spores. There are two main reasons why you probably havent even heard of the cancer-killing abilities of the chaga mushroom yet. The ectomycorrhizal edible truffle Elaphomyces granulatus has been evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effects. This effect was attributed to the inhibition of iNOS mRNA synthesis. This review will help researchers and clinicians in designing evidence-based preclinical and clinical studies to test the anticancer potential of mushrooms and their active compounds in different types of cancers. Jayachandran M., Xiao J., Xu B. 9(12). Immunomodulatory Effect of Structurally Characterized Mushroom Sclerotial Polysaccharides Isolated from Polyporus rhinocerus on Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells. Our personalized portal helps you refer your patients and communicate with their MD Anderson care team. It makes sense because desperate people are willing to pay any price to be healthy again. Study of anti-inflammatory activity of Tibetan mushroom, a - PubMed The authors are also thankful for Research Management Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. If you made it to this point, it means that you are serious about taking your health and life under control. Translated from Tibetan, this means "summer grass, winter worm," although it is technically neither grass nor worm. Furthermore, the activity of MAP kinases has been suppressed, as observed by the downregulation of LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK. Research may not translate to patients in the United States. demonstrated that there was an increased number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the blood; increased serum levels of IL-1Ra (receptor antagonist), IL-5, and IL-7; and an increased level of immunoglobulin genes, killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) genes, and human leukocyte (HLA) genes in the bone marrow in Agaricus blazei mushroom extract (AndoSanTM)-treated myeloma patients [10]. Zhankuic Acids A, B and C from Taiwanofungus Camphoratus Act as Cytotoxicity Enhancers by Regulating P-Glycoprotein in Multi-Drug Resistant Cancer Cells. Natural killer cells act as the key cells in innate immunity by attacking major histocompatibility class I-negative target cells that can evade immune surveillance of cytotoxic T cells. They include polysaccharides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and many other low molecular weight molecules. The ethyl acetate extract of PGP (. When taken as a supplement, cordyceps benefits may include: Increased exercise performance Boosted immunity Reduced inflammation Improved heart health Lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes But it may be that the lowering of inflammation is what is reducing levels of fatigue.. Molecular structure of -(13)-D-glucans (a) and -(13)-D-glucans (b). Witkowska A. M., Zujko M. E., Miroczuk-Chodakowska I. Ruthes et al. government site. Medicinal Mushrooms Formula - Dr. Isaac Eliaz Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the truffle. Chaga #1 on Amazon Chaga #2 on Amazon There are two main reasons why you probably haven't even heard of the cancer-killing abilities of the chaga mushroom yet. In addition, the prebiotic effects of medicinal mushrooms could enhance quality of life (QOL) during and after cancer therapy by recovering the intestinal microbiota. Smirdele F. R., Olsen L. M., Carbonero E. R., Baggio C. H., Freitas C. S., Marcon R., Santos A. R. S., Gorin P. A. J., Iacomini M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in a rodent model (13), (16)-linked-glucan isolated from, Bobek P., Nosalova V., Cerna S. Effect of pleuran (beta-glucan from, Jedinak A., Dudhgaonkar S., Wu Q.-L., Simon J., Sliva D. Anti-inflammatory activity of edible oyster mushroom is mediated through the inhibition of NF-, Queiroz L. S., Nascimento M. S., Cruz A. K. M., Castro A. J. G., Moura M. D. F. V., Baseia I. G., Arajo R. M., Benevides N. M. B., Lima L. F. A., Leite E. L. Glucans from the. A polysaccharideprotein complex isolated from Pleurotus pilmonarius (PP) suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling in liver cancer cells [2]. For example, the common phenolic molecule pyrogallol has been extracted from Agaricus bisporus, Cantharellus cibarius, and Lactarius deliciosus [89, 90]. Additionally, they found that the regulatory genes of the leukocytes affected by the A. blazei extract differ in their expression in vitro and in vivo. Antrodia camphorata grown on germinated brown rice inhibits HT-29 human colon carcinoma proliferation through inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis by targeting the -catenin signaling. However, the "meat" of the vegetable world is very high in fiber, minerals and vitamins. In an RCT performed by Chay et al. Pyrogallol inhibited NO production and iNOS, IL-1, and IL6 mRNAs expression in response to LPS-stimulated RAW 364.7 macrophages [91]. Accessibility Medicinal properties of substances occurring in higher basidiomycetes mushrooms: Current perspectives. Among polysaccharides, -glucan consists of a backbone of glucose residues linked by -(13)-glycosidic bonds, frequently with attached side-chain glucose residues joined by -(16) linkages [21]. Overall, therefore, more research is required to overcome the challenges mentioned above before macrofungi can be fully accepted as one of the major biofactories for the production of anti-inflammatory medicine. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) (CD279) is an inhibitory receptor, which is expressed in activated CD8+ T cells (as well as on B cells and natural killer cells) and leads to reduced innate and adaptive immune responses [49]. Ergosterol peroxide and 4-acetylantroquinonol from Inonotus obliquus inhibited nuclear -catenin in colon cancer cells [2]. Structures of different ganoderic acids and derivative isolated from G. lucidum. Frontiers | Traditional Tibetan Medicine in Cancer Therapy by Targeting Medicinal mushrooms are not ordinary mushrooms. Tibetan Mushroom: Powerful Kefir Is Stronger than Chemotherapy, and Our goal is to provide information pertaining to the potential therapeutic use of mushroom extracts and their active compounds against various cancers by elucidating the underlying targeted signaling pathways. Your gift will help support our mission to end cancer and make a difference in the lives of our patients. Han S.B., Lee C.W., Jeon Y.J., Hong N.D., Yoo I.D., Yang K.-H., Kim H.M. These compounds have a wide range of therapeutic effects and can act as immune-modulatory, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents [16, 20]. Chang T.C., Yeh C.T., Adebayo B.O., Lin Y.C., Deng L., Rao Y.K., Huang C.C., Lee W.H., Wu A.T., Hsiao M., et al. Terpenes are the largest group of anti-inflammatory compounds in mushrooms and have been isolated from a range of different strains (Figure 2). Identification and quantification of ergosterol and phenolic compounds occurring in. They were interested in the legends all across the globe describing a mushroom that grows on birch trees that can heal the sick and make you live longer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ijms231810502/s1, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer, Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatitis B and C Infection, Arabinoxylan extracted from rice bran treated enzymatically with extract from, Recurrent or Persistent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Drug resistance in Pgp-expressing tumor cells, p27kip, cyclinD1/CDK4, cyclin E/CDK2, AKT at p-Thr 308 and p-Ser 473, pPTEN, Bcl-2 activation, apoptosis, caspase 3 and 9, Apoptosis, S phase arrest, NOTCH1, IB- degradation, FLIP, Caspase 3 and 8, HCT116, HT-29, SW620, DLD-1 CRC cell lines, MMP2, MMP9, uPA, p-ERK1/2, p-PI3K/AKT, p-FAK, Wnt/-catenin Pathway, Cyclin D1, TCF/LEF, NF-B, -catenin, MAPK pathway, MMP2 and 9 activities. What Im trying to say here is that cancer is a generic word for different types of diseases. showed that Antrodia camphorata markedly inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the invasion/migration of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells [26,68]. Tibetan Mushrooms The "History" of Kefir Health Benefits of Kefir There are many different species of mushrooms in the world. Prevent cancer. Significance of Medicinal Mushrooms in Integrative Oncology: A Narrative Review. cleanses and detoxifies organism, support circulatory system, improves condition of hair, skin and nails, supports immune system, slower ageing processes of cells, delivers necessary vitamins, counteracts many diseases and infections. Grifolins showed significant inhibition of NO production stimulated by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values ranging between 22.9 and 29M [94], as well as inhibiting histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells [95]. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Medicinal Mushrooms That Fight Cancer | Shift Frequency However, minimal research, particularly with cancer, has been conducted. Villares A., Garca-Lafuente A., Guillamn E., Ramos . Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Thats why, if I were you, I would act on the privileged information that you are getting right now and get the cure while its still cheap. We give money to pharmaceuticals companies when our back is against the wall and they are the only one with a way to get us out of our misery. In this context, mushroom metabolites have been employed as potent, natural, and safe anti-inflammatory compounds based on their ability to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators through downregulation of the gene expression of different types of these inflammatory mediators. maybe, its not for me to say. It isn't even kept secret from the public. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Choose from 12 allied health programs at School of Health Professions. Kala P. A review of chemical composition and nutritional value of wild-growing and cultivated mushrooms. A poor intestinal microbiota composition can lead to the development of cancer [88]. [52] reported a phase I clinical trial in which 15 healthy individuals were given a daily oral dose of 60mL of aqueous extract of AndoSan (a mushroom extract mixture containing 82% A. blazei mycelium, 15% Hericium erinaceum, and 3% Grifola frondosa) for 12 days. Several groups have reported the anti-oncogenic activities of different mushroom-derived compounds via WntCTNNB1 signaling. [77] isolated three bioactive diterpenes from the ethylactetate extract of C. hookeri Berk, namely, cyathin, (12R)-11a,14a-epoxy-13a,14b,15-trihydroxycyath-3-ene, and erinacine I. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The concentration and efficacy of the bioactive compounds are varied and depend on the type of mushroom, substrate applied, cultivation and fruiting conditions, stage of development, age of the fresh mushroom, storage conditions, and processing and cooking procedures [41]. Orally administered glucans from the edible mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius reduce acute inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis. Part I. Anticancer, Oncoimmunological, and Immunomodulatory Activities: A Review. Request an appointment at MD Anderson online or by calling 1-877-632-6789. Protein-bound polysaccharide from, Park H.-J., Han E.s., Park D.K. Secondly, the contents of the bioactive ingredients vary widely between samples, dependent on the collection time and procedure, the season, and the environment. Tibetan Medicine for Cancer: - SAGE Journals Ding J., Ning Y., Bai Y., Xu X., Sun X., Qi C. -Glucan induces autophagy in dendritic cells and influences T-cell differentiation. They reported that trametenolic acid, ergosterol peroxide, 3-hydroxy-8,24-dien-21-al, ergosterol, and inotodiol inhibited NO production and NF-B luciferase activity in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, with an inhibition percentage of 50.04, 36.88, 20.36, 6.00, and 3.13%, respectively. Expression of a full-length cDNA for the human "MDR1" gene confers resistance to colchicine, doxorubicin, and vinblastine. Here are some common radiation therapy side effects that can be managed by making changes to your diet: Nausea and vomiting. They concluded that the applied extract has an anti-inflammatory effect [52]. We are discovering every year ways in which this healing mushroom can benefit us all. In normal cases, the body's response to inflammation is self-limiting through the downregulation of proinflammatory protein expression, the increased expression of anti-inflammatory proteins, and a reversal in the vascular changes that facilitated the initial immune cell recruitment process [43]. When cells are exposed to immune stimulants, the proinflammatory cells, such as macrophages, monocytes, or other host cells, start to produce many molecular mediators which initiate the inflammation process. Publishers Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. NRF-2021R1F1A1048156). Wang M., Bai Y., Pei J., Li D., Pu X., Zhu W., Xia L., Qi C., Jiang H., Ning Y. beta-Glucan Combined With PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade for Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer. The best time to start drinking chaga is when you are healthy. Sweis R.F., Spranger S., Bao R., Paner G.P., Stadler W.M., Steinberg G., Gajewski T.F. It can definitely contribute to the remission of most cancer. High-quality clinical studies are needed to identify the potential of medicinal mushrooms in cancer treatment. Mutations within the MAPK cascade are common in melanomas, and inhibition of this cascade is known to improve CD8+ T cell infiltration within cancers and sensitize them to PD-1 blockade therapy [52]. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the work through the Research Group Project no. There is no doubt that in a couple of years you will hear about the mushroom that cures cancer because someone or some company will make it viral. . Hetland G., Tangen J.-M., Mahmood F., Mirlashari M.R., Nissen-Meyer L.S.H., Nentwich I., Therkelsen S.P., Tjnnfjord G.E., Johnson E. Antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects of Agaricus blazei mushroom extract and the related medicinal basidiomycetes mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and. Adotey G., Quarcoo A., Holliday J. C., Fofie S., Saaka B. Antrodia camphorata grown on germinated brown rice suppressed human colon cancer cell proliferation by upregulating G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis and reducing -catenin signaling [40]. Ellertsen and Hetland [54] attributed the apparently contradictory findings reported above to the fact that the effect of A. blazei extract differs according to the molecular size of active compound and the type of study performed (i.e., in vitro or in vivo). Most of the studies have been made in a laboratory on cancer cells directly and not on humans but the effects are significant enough that clinical trials should be effective. Jeitler M., Michalsen A., Frings D., Hubner M., Fischer M., Koppold-Liebscher D.A., Murthy V., Kessler C.S. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Resistance to anticancer drugs is one of the main factors of treatment failure, resulting in high morbidity. and transmitted securely. They are very powerful and sometimes very dangerous. The activity of natural killer cells in patients with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy was significantly enhanced when co-treated with Agaricus blazei Murill for 3 to 6 weeks as compared to that in the placebo group [9]. The onset and progression of sporadic colon cancer (CRC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-associated diseases are believed to be caused by mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene [2]. Mushroom-derived bioactive compounds activate and/or regulate the immune system by affecting the maturation, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells, thereby inhibiting cancer cell metastasis and growth. Diniz R. O., Garla L. K., Schneedorf J. M., Carvalho J. C. T. Study of anti-inflammatory activity of Tibetan mushroom, a symbiotic culture of bacteria and fungi encapsulated into a polysaccharide matrix. Hackman et al., reported that Lentinula endodes treatment alone was ineffective in treating prostate cancer patients [15]. Other studies, meanwhile, have suggested that the side effects of NSAIDs are not limited only to GIT but extend to other serious complications such as acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular toxicity [35]. Blocking Effect of Chaga Mushroom (, Kang J.H., Jang J.E., Mishra S.K., Lee H.J., Nho C.W., Shin D., Jin M., Kim M.K., Choi C., Oh S.H. Inonotus obliquus blocks CTLA-4/CD80 interaction and increases T cell activity so that cancer cells cannot escape the immune response [36] (Figure 2). Some mushrooms and their active compounds possess anticancer properties. Sinha M., Gautam L., Shukla P. K., Kaur P., Sharma S., Singh T. P. Current perspectives in NSAID-induced gastropathy. Kefir is one of the oldest cultured milks, having its origin in the . Mushroom vs. cancer in research. Additionally, the LPS-dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 cells were downregulated. Compounds, such as lentinan, increase the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages and induce nonspecific immune responses [78]. Cheng Y., Xie P. Ganoderic acid A holds promising cytotoxicity on human glioblastoma mediated by incurring apoptosis and autophagy and inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, they have been highly appreciated for their medicinal and therapeutic applications [47, 48]. Sliva D., Loganathan J., Jiang J., Jedinak A., Lamb J. G., Terry C., Baldridge L. A., Adamec J., Sandusky G. E., Dudhgaonkar S. Mushroom. #1. Kefir neutralizes and eliminates a mass of problems, which are mainly unhealthy chemicals (poisons) which got into or formed our organism. Yamanaka D., Tada R., Adachi Y., et al. Skin cancer wont be treated the exact same way as lung cancer. While a variety of plants have traditionally been used in human medicine, mushrooms also have a long history as important components of folk medicine and have been widely used in the form of aqueous extracts in many African, Middle Eastern, European, Asian, and native Australian cultures for the treatment of different diseases as well as a preventive medicine [1216]. Its not as dramatic as a genius finding a way to cure cancer in his/her lab and running to the white house to present it to the president, or anything else you would see in a movie. Abstract Tibetan mushroom (TM) is a fermented beverage composed by a dozen of bacteria and yeasts living together into polysaccharide grains secreted by them. Other mutations associated with T cell exclusion and subsequent resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade usually occur within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. These significantly inhibited the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF in a dose-dependent manner in murine macrophage RAW 164.7 cells [82]. Ina H., Yoneda M., Mitsuro K., Kodera Y., Kabeya M., Yuasa S., Kataoka T., Furuta R., Ina K. Lentinan, A Shiitake Mushroom . Traditional Tibetan Medicine in Cancer Therapy by Targeting Apoptosis Some studies show mushrooms boost parts of the immune system that are linked to cancer. The anti-inflammatory activity of, Lu M.-K., Cheng J.-J., Lin C.-Y., Chang C.-C. Purification, structural elucidation, and anti-inflammatory effect of a water-soluble 1,6-branched 1,3-. On Cordycepin and Cancer | Mushroaming - Daniel Winkler's Webpages Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of cordymin, a peptide purified from the medicinal mushroom, Wong J. H., Ng T. B., Wang H., Sze S. C. W., Zhang K. Y., Li Q., Lu X. Cordymin, an antifungal peptide from the medicinal fungus. Twardowski P., Kanaya N., Frankel P., Synold T., Ruel C., Pal S.K., Junqueira M., Prajapati M., Moore T., Tryon P., et al. Fujimoto H., Nakayama Y., Yamazaki M. Identification of immunosuppressive components of a mushroom, Han J., Chen Y., Bao L., Yang X., Liu D., Li S., Zhao F., Liu H. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic cyathane diterpenoids from the medicinal fungus, Xu Z., Yan S., Bi K., Han J., Chen Y., Wu Z., Liu H. Isolation and identification of a new anti-inflammatory cyathane diterpenoid from the medicinal fungus, Dudhgaonkar S., Thyagarajan A., Sliva D. Suppression of the inflammatory response by triterpenes isolated from the mushroom, Iwatsuki K., Akihisa T., Tokuda H., Ukiya M., Oshikubo M., Kimura Y., Asano T., Nomura A., Nishino H. Lucidenic acids P and Q, methyl lucidenate P, and other triterpenoids from the fungus, Akihisa T., Tagata M., Ukiya M., Tokuda H., Suzuki T., Kimura Y. Oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids from the fungus, Akihisa T., Nakamura Y., Tagata M., Tokuda H., Yasukawa K., Uchiyama E., Suzuki T., Kimura Y. Anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor-promoting effects of triterpene acids and sterols from the fungus, Van Q., Nayak B. N., Reimer M., Jones P. J. H., Fulcher R. G., Rempel C. B. Anti-inflammatory effect of. Additionally, mouse ear swelling was inhibited by 61.8, 79.0, and 81.6% when the animals were treated with the dry matter of the culture broth (1000mg/kg), crude saponin extract (200mg/kg), or crude polysaccharide extract (200mg/kg), respectively. A -glucan from Lentinula edodes, viz., lentinan, suppressed cisplatin- or oxaliplatin-induced PD-L1 expression, suggesting that a combination of lentinan and platinum-based chemotherapy can recover the chemosensitivity of cells [64]. For instance, 4-acetylantroquinonol and antroquinonol from Antrodia camphorata was discovered to inhibit colon cancer by suppressing the Wnt/-catenin pathway [28,29]. The agaricoglycerides isolated from Grifola frondosa (AGF) showed potent anti-inflammatory activity since they were able to reduce the level of many mediators, such as IL-1, NF-B, ICAM-1, COX-2, and iNOS in animal models [97]. The illustration of the anticancer mechanisms of mushrooms by inhibiting the PD-1 pathway and CTLA-4/CD80 pathway. Al Sears MD Confidential Cures - Himalayan Secret Cures Cancer? Everything other than that is anecdotal evidence and speculation for now. Examples of some terpenoid bioactive compounds isolated from edible mushrooms. Mushrooms have been linked to improvements in several common quality of life indicators for cancer patients. TTM is an important part of traditional medicine worldwide. It isnt even kept secret from the public. You are in a constant state of uncertainty about their remission. Tibet-unique mushroom found to fight liver cancer - Tibetan Review Dugowson C. E., Gnanashanmugam P. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Next, some anti-cancer mushrooms exhibit direct antiviral and tumor shrinking abilities. -Anti-Cancer Agents). In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has caused a paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy; it primarily inhibits various checkpoints that control host T cell activity by regulating the immune checkpoint interactions, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD80. Table 2 summarizes some of the biological studies carried out with different compounds having anti-inflammatory activities isolated from mushrooms. In 2011, they conducted another clinical pilot study in order to prove these results. of fruiting body extract (soluble, insoluble, and modified), (i) Inhibition of neurogenic pain by 36, 47, and 58% for soluble, insoluble, and modified glucans, respectively, (i) Male Swiss mice, formalin-induced licking, (i) Inhibition of neurogenic and inflammatory phases, antinociceptive effect with IC, (i) Male Swiss mice, acetic acid induced inflammation, 3100mg/kg i.p. It is said to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Genes regulating proinflammatory cytokines were strongly induced in vitro, probably by the high molecular weight -glucans, whereas, in vivo, genes controlling anti-inflammatory reactions were upregulated, due to low molecular weight glucans. The anti-inflammatory effects of the triterpene extract have been attributed to the inhibition of transcription factor NF-B, as observed in the decreased NF-B-DNA binding activity, as well as the suppression of p65 phosphorylation in the treated LPS-stimulated macrophages. A high rate of abnormality in the Wnt signaling pathway has been observed in many cancers. Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in cancer. They strongly suppressed the LPS-induced production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values ranging between 4.6 and 15.2M depending on the derivative [92]. The latter of these belong mainly to Ascomycetes and usually grow in a symbiotic relationship with a host plant as ectomycorrhizal mushrooms (EMM). Comparative study of wild edible mushrooms as sources of antioxidants. Lavi I., Levinson D., Peri I., Nimri L., Hadar Y., Schwartz B. Therefore, more research should be done on the development of mushroom cultivation processes in submerged cultures under fully sterile conditions so as to produce bioactive metabolites for pharmaceutical applications. Consumption of mushroom compounds also boosts the secretion of antitumor cytokines by CTLs and activation of immune organs, thereby eliminating cancer cells and strengthening the weakened immune system [87].

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